Smoking Modulated Salivary Alpha Amylase Synchronized by Daily Beverages

Abstract

Background: Smoking carry physical and psychological impacts on individual resulting in serious health concerns, among which the direct impacts of smoking on oral cavity regulated by released contents of salivary glands. Aims: We sought to identify the impact of smoking on the released concentration of  alpha amylase harmonized by daily beverages.  Methods: To do so, saliva collected from healthy participants (smokers n=30 and smokeless n=30) and a questionnaire placed to define the number of cigarette smoked and beverages intake on daily bases. Results: Smoking (137±25) significantly reduced salivary alpha amylase enzyme activity compared to smokeless (147±19). The activity of salivary alpha amylase were further reduced when smoking combined with beverages, tea and cola reaching down to 51±5 and 4±1, respectively. Moreover, obesity reduced the enzyme activity (43.5±13.6) compared to normal weigh (178±18) in smokers. Conclusion: Smoking carry risk of reducing carbohydrate sequential digestion resulting in availability of more carbohydrate for intestinal digestion and absorption sparking absorption rate and thereby enhancing obesity and metabolic derangements.