Authors
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Omima Sayed Mohammed
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, KSA
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Abdulmabod omar
Department of clinical pathology, Faculty of medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Laboratory Department, Hassan Ghazzawi Hospital, Abeer Medical Group, Jeddah, KSA
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Rakhshinda Kamran
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr Hassan Ghazzawi Hospital, Abeer Medical group, Jeddah, KSA.
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Mohammad AbdElhameed Alwaseef
Department of clinical pathology, faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Doaa Nady Mohamed Shatat
Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Mohamed Ramadan Mohamed Zohri
Department of clinical pathology, faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Iman Ahmed Kassem
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Erfan and Bagedo General Hospital, Jeddah, KSA
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Mahmoud Mohammed Mohammed Metwally
Department of clinical pathology, faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Medhat Ali Salah Abd Elghaffar
Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mai Mosad Morsy
Department of plastic &Reconstructive surgery, King Abdullah medical City, Makkah Saudi Arabia
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Wagenat E Ali
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of medicine for girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Assem Ahmed Moustafa Elshehabi
Department of clinical pathology, faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Aziza Hussien Nassef
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ghada Ibrahim Elsaid Soror
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wijdan Yahya Abualkheir
Institute of Child Health, Medical nutrition and laboratory, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Mohamed Gamil Mehanna
Biochemistry department faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Ibrahim Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim Elhandleshy
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mohammed Abdelmoaty Ebrahim Shaheen
Department of clinical pathology, Faculty of medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdullah Mustafa Ibrahim Gaafar
Department of clinical pathology, Faculty of medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mostafa Ellaban
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Muhammad Abd Elhameed Khedr
Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nagah M Abumohammed
Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shaimaa Hanafy Moustafa Kamal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ahmed Mahmoud Solaiman Ahmed
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
Keywords:
Fibrin Degradation Products, Pregnancy, COVID-19 Vaccination, Coagulation, Hypercoagulability, Trimester Analysis, Maternal Safety, D-dimer
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy inherently enhances the body’s propensity for coagulation, while the COVID-19 vaccinations additionally modify immune response systems that affect haemostasis. Observations of pregnancy-associated elevations in FDPs suggest that information regarding FDP fluctuations during the trimester following COVID-19 vaccination is scarce. The objective of the study is to examine the correlation between COVID-19 immunisations administered throughout various pregnancy trimesters and FDP levels in normal pregnancies, while also contrasting these results with those of non-pregnant adult women. Methods: The study had 160 female volunteers categorised into four groups: first, second, and third trimester pregnant women, along with non-pregnant controls, each group containing forty subjects. Participants were classified into two groups according to their COVID-19 immunisation status: vaccinated and unvaccinated. FDP concentrations were evaluated via a commercial immunoturbidimetric technique. The study employed non-parametric statistical techniques, specifically the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, in conjunction with Spearman’s correlation analysis, with a p-value of less than 0.05 denoting statistical significance. Results: FDP levels recorded during pregnancy demonstrated a steady increase, with vaccinated individuals exhibiting higher FDP readings compared to unvaccinated controls (p < 0.001). All readings documented throughout gestation were within the typical physiological parameters. No thrombotic events were observed. A strong statistically significant link was seen between COVID-19 vaccination and elevated FDP values (ρ = 0.714, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Pregnant people vaccinated against COVID-19 exhibit modest yet physiologically adequate elevations in FDP levels, especially during the later stages of gestation. This study underscores the necessity for pregnancy-specific reference ranges to prevent the misdiagnosis of coagulation disorders in expectant mothers
