Sarcoidosis and its Relation to other Immune Mediated Diseases Affecting Different Body Systems Along with Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of indeterminate origin, marked by noncaseating granulomas that can manifest in any organ, with a particular affinity for the lungs. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between sarcoidosis and immune-mediated diseases (IMDs). Method: This research examines 55 individuals with sarcoidosis and immune-mediated disorders at Al-Azhar hospitals, aged 18 to 65 years. The research employs a retrospective cross-sectional cohort design, incorporating pathological evaluation, immunohistochemical staining, laboratory testing (CBC, Vitamin D, Serum Amyloid A, Anti-CCP, Anti-ANA, Anti-ds-DNA), and radiological assessments. The research employed CD68 monoclonal antibody alongside a combination of laboratory and radiographic assessments to identify anomalies in the lungs, brain, or other organs impacted by sarcoidosis or associated autoimmune disorders. The research received approval from the research ethics committee at Al-Azhar University. The research seeks to offer significant insights into the diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis. Results: The research analyses characteristics across six cohorts, comprising five illness cohorts and one control cohort. Results indicate substantial disparities in immunological and inflammatory activity, age, biochemical markers, and granulomas. Correlation coefficients indicate mild to moderate positive associations between sarcoidosis and autoimmune disorders, underscoring the necessity for differential diagnosis. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and sarcoidosis, particularly in patients presenting Anti-CCP antibodies and erosive joint alterations. HLA-DR4 is identified as a significant risk factor, indicating a possible pathogenic link.