ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of xerostomia and identify the risk variables related with oral manifestations among medically impaired patients. Sample: The study included 500 patients with medical conditions who were admitted to hospitals and specialised medical centres. Both males and females were included, and their ages ranged from 16 to 65 years. The method employed for diagnosing and investigating xerostomia involved the use of sialometry to measure stimulated and unstimulated saliva, along with a questionnaire that gathered sociodemographic information and assessed oral manifestations such as fissured lips and tongue with candida infection. Additionally, indices such as OHI-S, DMFT, and CPITN were used to evaluate oral health, and information on medical history, dietary behaviours, dental visits, and oral hygiene measures was collected. Outcome: The incidence of xerostomia among 500 patients was found to be 63.4%.The majority of individuals were female, aged between 55 and 85 years, with low levels of education, and residing in rural areas. The patients in this study exhibited a range of health issues, including diabetes mellitus, smoking, poor oral hygiene (as indicated by a score of 3 on the OHI index), and periodontal disease (with pockets measuring 6 mm or more on the CPITN index). They also had a high number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT index of 20-25) and were taking more than 5 different medications. These patients experienced difficulties with eating, speaking, swallowing, and reported a burning sensation in their mouths. They had not visited a dental clinic, did not use artificial saliva, and were taking various medications including anti-histamines, anti-depressants, anti-hypertensives, anti-cholinergics, anti-epileptics, appetite supplements, bronchodilators, and decongestants. Additionally, they exhibited oral manifestations such as fungal infections. There was a strong correlation between the presence of cracked lips and tongue and the severity of dry mouth. Conclusion: Older females with poor educational levels residing in rural areas had a higher likelihood of experiencing xerostomia. However, there was no significant correlation found between the frequency of dental flossing or the kind of mouthwash used and the occurrence of xerostomia. This study primarily involved participants who were predominantly afflicted with diabetes mellitus, renal and hepatic disorders. These individuals experienced varying degrees of dry mouth, ranging from moderate to severe. The study revealed a noteworthy correlation between xerostomia and poor oral hygiene, as indicated by the OHI index. Additionally, there were substantial associations observed between xerostomia and other oral health indicators such as CPITN and DMFT index, candida infection, fissure tongue, and dry lips. Utilising precise technical procedures to identify and investigate underlying causes is more effective in achieving improved prevention and treatment.