• Ayling Sanjaya, Dwi Yuni Nur Hidayati, Susanthy Djajalaksana, HMS Chandra Kusuma, Renny Suwarniaty, Sumarno
  • Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia .
  • Email: ayling.sanjaya@gmail.com.
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia.
  • Email: dwi_yuni@ub.ac.id.
  • Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia .
  • Email: susanthydj@gmail.com.
  • Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia.
  • Email: hmschandrak@gmail.com.
  • Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia.
  • Email: renny_nus@yahoo.co.id.
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia.
  • Email: sumarno_prof@ub.ac.id.

ABSTRACT

Background: Childhood active and latent tuberculosis (TB) are often undiagnosed properly due to the limited symptoms and biomarkers. Recently, miRNA has been considered as candidate biomarker for early diagnosis which can distinguish between childhood active and latent TB. Aims: This study aimed to identify miRNAs that play a regulatory role in active pulmonary and latent TB in children, analyzing differences in expression levels and diagnostic values from miRNA-379. Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytic study on children aged 0-15 years with contact history with TB patients was used in this study. Anamnesis, physical examination, tuberculin test, culture, chest X-ray, TB scoring were performed. The sample divided into three groups consisted of healthy control children, active pulmonary TB, and latent TB. miRNAs profiling was using microarray and relevant miRNA (miRNA-379) validation were performed using RT-qPCR. Data analysis was performed to determine miRNAs characterization, expression level and diagnostic value of relevant miRNA in this study (miRNA-379). Results: Children in active-control group expressed 251 miRNA genes consisted of 221 miRNA down-regulation and 30 miRNA up-regulation with lowest fold change was miRNA-379 and highest fold change was miRNA-3613. In the latent TB-control expressed 292 miRNA genes, consisted of 263 miRNA down-regulation and 29 miRNA up-regulation with lowest fold change miRNA-381 and highest fold change miRNA-3200.  In the active-latent TB group, 21 miRNA genes were expressed consisted of two miRNA down-regulation and 19 miRNA up-regulation with lowest fold change miRNA-379 and highest fold change miRNA-1299. Expression level (down-regulation) of mir-379 decreased in controls, even more in latent TB, and most decreased in active TB. Test for differences in the level of expression was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: miRNA has potential as candidate biomarker for childhood TB.  Differences in expression level of miRNA-379 can be used as candidate biomarker to distinguish between latent and active TB in children.

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