ABSTRACT

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease originating from SARS coronavirus 2, which has caused widespread disruption to healthcare systems globally. Initially found as a critical disease of the respiratory system. COVID-19 infection has been reported to contribute to numerous health complications, including oral health. There is evolving evidence that the virus can give rise to manifestations in the oral cavity, like dry mouth, loss of taste and mucosal lesions. In addition, Long-term COVID-19 infection has shown long-lasting oral manifestations such as gingivitis and temporomandibular joint disorders, suggesting the value of routine dental assessments for recovered patients. Aim of the study: To check the possible complications of COVID-19 infection in the formation of pulp calcifications. Materials and Methods: A study population of 600 patients was included, independent of gender, aged between 18 and 50 years. The COVID-19 group (n = 300) was included at least one-year post-recovery. The control group (n = 300) consisted of individuals with no history of COVID-19 infection. Then, pulp calcifications were evaluated on panoramic images. Results: The data analysis found that COVID-19 infection has a significant effect on the development of pulp calcifications. [The Chi-square was 3.9, p-value is 0.045]. In addition, the findings found there was a significant association between COVID-19 severity and pulp calcification types. [Fisher's Exact Test p-value = 0.039. Significant at p-value < 0.05]. Findings pointed to more frequent pulp calcifications among individuals with COVID-19, reaching around 5.0%, in contrast to just 2.0% in the control set. A closer breakdown by tooth in the COVID-19 category brought forward the maxillary first molar as the most often involved, showing a rate of roughly 2.6%. Next came the mandibular first molar, marked at about 1.9%. The maxillary first premolar appeared only occasionally, at 0.3%. Some variation could stem from localized factors or systemic responses not fully accounted for. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant association between COVID-19 disease appeared to correspond with increased pulp calcifications compared to unaffected individuals.