Yunita Arliny1, Faisal Yunus2, Erlina Burhan2, Sita Andarini2, Sri Widia A Jusman3, Em Yunir4, Aria Kekalih5, Arto Yuwono Soeroton6, Fariz Nurwidya2
1 Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala – Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
2 Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
5 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
6 Division of Respirology and Critical Illness, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran – Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_26_20

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has been identified as one of factors causing increased risks of latent TB infection. The roles of cathelicidin LL-37, 1.25(OH)2D3 as well as their correlation with specific IFN-γ in latent TB has not been extensively identified. Aims and Objectives: Our study was aimed to identify proportion of latent TB infection in patients with DM and to identify the role of cathelicidin, 1.25(OH)2D3, vitamin D and other clinical factors as predictors for active TB infection in diabetic patients with latent TB. Methods: Our study was conducted in 2 stages. The first-stage study was a cross-sectional study to identify the proportion of latent TB infection in patients with DM without any history of TB, which was continued with a case-control study to identify the roles of predictive biomarkers (cathelicidin LL-37, 25(OH)D3, 1.25(OH)2D3 and IFN-γ) as well as clinical predictive factors for active TB infection in diabetic patients with latent TB. Results: Out of 242 diabetic patients without any history of TB who underwent screening test for latent TB, there were 78 (33.2%) subjects with a diagnosis of latent TB and 1 subject was diagnosed with active TB. There was significant association on the level of cathelicidin LL-37 in DM patient with latent TB, active TB and without TB infection (23.49 ng/mL vs. 49.6 ng/mL vs. 10.46 ng/mL, P < 0,005). Almost all of subjects with DM showed low levels of vitamin D, most in subject with active TB (97%). There was no significant association between 1.25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 in DM patients with latent TB, active TB and without TB infection. There was a significant association on the levels of IFN-γ ((TB1 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.03 IU/mL P < 0.005; TB2 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.04 IU/mL P < 0.005) in DM subjects with latent TB and those without TB infection; however, no significant association was found in DM subjects with latent TB and active TB. History of smoking, HbA1C > 9.5% and cathelicidin LL-37 levels of > 30 ng/mL were predictors for latent TB into active TB in DM patients. Conclusion: Cathelicidin LL-37 can serve as a biomarker of latent TB progressiveness in patients with DM.

Keywords: 1,25 (OH)2D3, cathelicidin, diabetes, latent tuberculosis infection, Vitamin D

 

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